CDC COMMUNITY GUIDE: Universally Recommended Vaccinations: Vaccination Requirements for Child Care, School, & College Attendance

CDC

An Evidence-Based Practice

Description

Vaccination requirements are laws or policies requiring vaccinations or other documentation of immunity as a condition of child care, school, and college attendance. Their purpose is to reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable disease and associated morbidity and mortality by increasing vaccination rates.

Laws are created by states, with the specific vaccines required established by the legislature and embodied in statutes or adopted as administrative rules by health or education departments. Institutions, such as colleges and private schools, may establish additional vaccination policies for attendance or residence.

Vaccination requirements vary across jurisdictions by:
• Comprehensiveness
• Acceptable documentation of immunity
• Access to exemptions (especially nonmedical exemptions)
• The type and consistency of enforcement

Results / Accomplishments

The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends vaccination requirements for child care, school, and college attendance based on strong evidence of effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates and in decreasing rates of vaccine-preventable disease and associated morbidity and mortality. These findings are based on studies demonstrating effectiveness of vaccination requirements:
• For attendance in a variety of settings
• For an array of recommended vaccines
• In populations ranging in age from early childhood to late adolescence

About this Promising Practice

Primary Contact
The Community Guide
1600 Clifton Rd, NE
MS E69
Atlanta, GA 30329
(404) 498-1827
communityguide@cdc.gov
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/
Topics
Health / Immunizations & Infectious Diseases
Community / Governance
Source
Community Guide Branch Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Location
USA
For more details
http://www.thecommunityguide.org/vaccines/universa...
Target Audience
Children, Teens, Adults

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An Evidence-Based Practice meets the following HCI criteria:

  1. The program description includes at a minimum: the sponsoring organization, program goals, program implementation steps, and outcomes that have demonstrated program success in achieving the program goal in one or more localities.
  2. The results from an evaluation of the program include quantitative measures showing improvement in the outcome(s) of interest after the implementation of the program (i.e. increase in smoking cessation, not just the delivery of a smoking cessation program). The outcome measure(s) is/are compared at relevant time periods before and after the intervention or program implementation. Alternatively, the evaluation study compares the outcome(s) between an intervention group and an appropriate control group.
  3. The study is of peer-review quality and presents numbers in a scientific manner; measurements of precision and reliability are included (e.g. confidence intervals, standard errors), results from statistical tests show a significant difference or change in the outcome measure(s), and relevant point estimates and p-values are presented. Note: if the results from an evaluation of a program are presented in a scientific manner and the outcome measure is improved compared to the baseline measurement or the control group but the difference is not statistically significant, the practice is classified as effective and not evidence-based.